IDEJA MINIMALNE DRŽAVE U MODERNOJ POLITIČKOJ TEORIJI
Dr. sc. Marko Dokić, docent Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta Crne Gore, 13. jula br. 2, Podgorica, Crna Gora; markodokic@t-com.me
U ovom radu autor analizira ideju minimalne države u modernoj političkoj teoriji, kao i njen razvoj u društveno-istorijskom kontekstu. Kako se ideja minimalne države tiče pitanja uloge države, koje je prvenstveno ideološko pitanje, ona se analizira kroz ideološku prizmu liberalizma. Preciznije, razmatraju se promene u okviru liberalne tradicije od klasičnog, preko socijalnog do konzervativnog liberalizma (neoliberalizma) i, shodno tome, preobražaji države i ostvarivost teorijskog koncepta minimalne države u XIX i XX veku. Centralni deo rada posvećen je analizi obeležja ove političke ideje, od njene antropološko-filozofske osnove, preko ideja koje su sa njom neraskidivo povezane (negativna sloboda, vladavina prava, proceduralno shvatanje pravde, spontani tržišni poredak) pa do pitanja odgovarajuće sfere delanja vlade kao osnovnog. Na kraju, ispituju se nedostaci i perspektive minimalne države u modernoj političkoj teoriji.
Ključne reči: minimalna država, ograničena vlada, liberalizam, laissez-faire doktrina, vladavina prava
THE IDEA OF THE MINIMAL STATE IN MODERN POLITICAL THEORY
Marko Dokić, Ph. D., Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Montenegro, 13. jula br. 2, Podgorica, Montenegro; markodokic@t-com.me
The author analyzes the idea of the minimal state in modern political theory, as well as its development in the socio-historical context. Since the idea of the minimal state concerns the question of the role of government, which is primarily an ideological question, it is analyzed through the ideological prism of liberalism. Further, changes in the liberal tradition (classical liberalism, social liberalism, neoliberalism), transformations of the state and the feasibility of the theoretical concept of minimal state in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are presented and scrutinized in more detail. The central part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the characteristics of this political idea – its anthropological and philosophical basis, ideas that are inseparably linked with it (negative freedom, the rule of law, procedural conception of justice, spontaneous order of the market) and the problem of the proper sphere of government. Finally, the shortcomings and perspectives of the minimal state in modern political theory are examined.
Key words: minimal state, limited government, liberalism, laissez-faire doctrine, the rule of law