“Širenje učinaka arbitražne klauzule na treće putem proboja pravne osobnosti”
Petar Ceronja, mag. iur., tajnik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Trg Republike Hrvatske 3, 10000 Zagreb; petar.ceronja@pravo.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-779X
Sažetak
U radu se razmatra mogućnost širenja učinaka arbitražne klauzule na osobe koje nisu strane arbitražnog ugovora putem instituta proboja pravne osobnosti. Proboj pravne osobnosti institut je prava društava kojim su obuhvaćeni slučajevi u kojima se probija, zanemaruje pravni subjektivitet društva kako bi se zahvatilo imovinu odnosno druga prava članova društva. Izlažu se osnovne materijalnopravne pretpostavke za proboj odnosno tipični slučajevi i razlozi proboja s osnova primjene pravnih pravila prava društava. Zastupa se stajalište da je u hrvatskom pravu, u skladu sa stajalištima poredbene pravne književnosti, dopušteno proširiti učinak arbitražne klauzule na članove društva koji nisu ugovorne strane arbitražnog ugovora ako se za to ispune pretpostavke. Upozorava se kako proboj pravne osobnosti općenito, pa tako i širenje učinka arbitražne klauzule putem proboja, predstavlja iznimku od općeg pravila te pred stranu koja se poziva na proboj postavlja visok prag tereta i standarda dokazivanja. Proboj pravne osobnosti stavlja se u odnos s drugim slučajevima širenja arbitražne klauzule na tzv. nepotpisnike arbitražnog ugovora (Non-Signatories). Izlažu se tipični slučajevi i razlozi za širenje učinaka arbitražne klauzule na članove društva probojem odnosno zanemarivanjem pravne osobnosti društva. Konačno, praktičarima se savjetuje kako pristupiti sastavljanju arbitražne klauzule da bi se izbjegla potreba za širenjem klauzule probojem te ih se upozorava koje sve okolnosti moraju uzeti u obzir ako razmatraju proširiti arbitražnu klauzulu s osnova proboja pravne osobnosti.
Ključne riječi: arbitraža, arbitražna klauzula, proboj pravne osobnosti
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.72.12.22
Hrčak ID: 280159
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/280159
Stranice: 727-753
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“Extension of the Arbitration Clause to Non-Signatories Through the Piercing of the Corporate Veil”
Petar Ceronja, LL. M., Secretary, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 3, 10000 Zagreb; petar.ceronja@pravo.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-779X
Summary
The paper elaborates the possibility of extending the arbitration clause to entities which are not formal parties to the arbitration agreement (Non-Signatories) through the piercing of the corporate veil. Piercing of the corporate veil is a company law concept through which separate legal existence of a company is being disregarded (pierced) in order for the creditors to be able to expand their claims against the company to assets or other rights of the company’s shareholders. Basic substantive company law standards for piercing the corporate veil are explained. A stance is taken that under Croatian law, in line with comparative legal literature and views of renowned scholars, it would be allowed to expand an arbitration clause to a Non-Signatory shareholder of the company if certain conditions are met. It is pointed out that the piercing of the corporate veil in corporate law, as well as a method of extension of the arbitration clause, is an exception to the general rule and thus imposes a high standard of proof and places the burden of proof on the party invoking its application. Piercing of the corporate veil is compared to some other typical cases of extending arbitration clauses to Non-Signatories. The most common cases and reasons for piercing are illustrated. In conclusion, practitioners are advised on how to draw up arbitration clauses to avoid the need to expand its application altogether through this method, and are being cautioned against the circumstances which need to be taken into account if the extension of the arbitration clause through the piercing of the corporate veil is considered.
Keywords: arbitration, arbitration clause, piercing of the corporate veil
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.72.12.22
Hrčak ID: 280159
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/280159
Pages: 727-753