Obiteljsko nasilje u doba pandemije – preliminarni rezultati kriminološke analize
Dr. sc. Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac, profesorica Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb; agetos@pravo.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-764X
Petra Šprem, mag. iur., asistentica Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb; psprem@pravo.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-6887
Sažetak
Globalna epidemija uzrokovana pandemijom COVID-19 2020. godine promijenila je način na koji svijet funkcionira, a može se očekivati da će promijeniti i obrasce delinkventnog ponašanja. Postavlja se pitanje – na koji način? U svjetlu kriminoloških i socioloških znanstvenih spoznaja o učinku kriza na fenomenologiju kriminala znanstvenici diljem svijeta svoj su fokus usmjerili na usporedbu (stope) kriminala prije i za vrijeme pandemije. Premda dosadašnja istraživanja pokazuju da je stopa ukupnog kriminala 2020. godine u padu, porast obiteljskog nasilja bilježi se u gotovo svim zemljama svijeta. Takva slika na prvi pogled ne iznenađuje s obzirom na epidemiološke mjere kojima su oni najranjiviji među nama prinudno ‘zaključani’ u svojim domovima, zajedno sa svojim (potencijalnim) zlostavljačima. Koristeći se Kalendarom obiteljskog nasilja Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova Republike Hrvatske, autorice analiziraju učestalost kaznenih i prekršajnih prijava za obiteljsko nasilje u Hrvatskoj prije i za vrijeme koronakrize (2019., 2020. i 2021. godine) i njihovu geografsku distribuciju po županijama. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na to da su kaznena djela obiteljskog nasilja u blagom porastu, dok su prekršaji u blagom padu, s time da preliminarni rezultati ne upućuju na to da bi detektirani trendovi bili izravna posljedica pandemije, odnosno lockdowna, već se čini vjerojatnijim da su trendovi pod utjecajem zakonskih reformi. No, svakako je važno imati na umu pretpostavljenu veliku tamnu brojku kada je riječ o obiteljskom nasilju, ali i relativno kratak promatrani period.
Ključne riječi: obiteljsko nasilje, pandemija, COVID-19, Kalendar obiteljskog nasilja, otvoreni podaci
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.72.4.03
Hrčak ID: 281831
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/281831
Stranice: 1037-1073
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“Domestic Violence During the Pandemic – Preliminary Results of Criminological Analysis”
Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac, Ph. D., Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb; agetos@pravo.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-764X
Petra Šprem, LL. M., Assistant, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb; psprem@pravo.hr; ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-6887
Summary
The global epidemic caused by the COVID-19 virus in 2020 changed the way the world functions, and it is to be expected that it will also affect the patterns of delinquent behavior. The only question is: how? In the light of criminological and sociological scientific findings on the effects of crises on the phenomenology of crime, scientists around the world have focused their efforts on comparing crime rates before and during the pandemic. Even though research shows that in 2020 the overall crime rate was declining, an increase in domestic violence was recorded in almost all countries in the world. Such a finding should not come as a surprise and at least on first thought seems plausible, since it has been widely discussed that due to the epidemiological measures the most vulnerable among us have been forcedly “locked down” in their homes together with their (potential) abusers. Using the ‘Calendar of Domestic Violence’ of the Croatian Ministry of the Interior, the authors analyze the frequency of criminal and misdemeanor reports of domestic violence in Croatia before and during the corona crisis in 2019, 2020 and 2021, as well as its incidence by county. Our research results show a slight rise in criminal reports of domestic violence, whereas misdemeanor reports display a slight decline, whereby our preliminary findings do not support the conclusion that these trends are a direct consequence of the pandemic or the “lock down”, but much more likely a direct consequence of normative reforms. It is however important to keep in mind the dark figure of domestic violence which remains hidden in this type of research, as well as the relatively short period of time the research focuses on.
Keywords: domestic violence, pandemic, COVID-19, Calendar of Domestic Violence, open data
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.72.4.03
Hrčak ID: 281831
URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/281831
Pages: 1037-1073